ABSTRACT
As a typical representative of the regional economies' integration, the Yangtze River Delta region presents the development trend of emergency logistics integration under the background of the global epidemic of COVID-19, especially the outbreak in Shanghai. A scientific evaluation of the integration level of regional emergency logistics is crucial to the accurate construction of a post-epidemic emergency logistics system in the Yangtze River Delta region. This paper defines regional integration of emergency logistics as two dimensions of high-quality development and equilibrium development, and constructs a regional emergency logistics integration level evaluation index system containing 14 indicators for four factors: emergency logistics infrastructure, resource support, information sharing and mechanisms. A two-stage evaluation model is used to evaluate the integration level of emergency logistics in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the results are compared with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. According to the results, the integration of emergency logistics in the Yangtze River Delta region is at a medium level, with the highest integration level of emergency logistics infrastructure, the lowest integration level of emergency logistics information sharing, and the medium integration level of emergency logistics resource support and emergency logistics institutional mechanism. The density of integrated transport network and the efficiency of single-vehicle freight completion have the highest and lowest integration levels in the Yangtze River Delta region, respectively. And the integrated development level of emergency logistics in the Yangtze River Delta region is better than that in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, but there is little difference between the two, mainly due to the high level of integration of emergency logistics infrastructure and emergency logistics resource support. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The impact of climate change has been evidenced in several tourist destinations, and triggered concerns on the destination development. Low-carbon tourism has become a national, if not, global agenda that can be used to mitigate the climate change impact caused by the tourist destinations. To respond to this timely agenda and the United Nation World Tourism Organisation's (UNWTO) callout, this study establishes and verifies important components and attributes of low-Carbon destinations, particularly on island destination, which are still unexamined in the literature. Taking on the perspective of tourists, this study is driven by Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory which is a consolidative theoretical framework that integrates environmental input (external), emotional status (internal) and behavioural responses to explain actual behaviours of low-carbon tourists. Integrated generalised structured component analysis (IGSCA) and multigroup analysis were performed on 1808 travellers who posed different degrees of psychological fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. During COVID-19, health and safety risks have become a critical concern;therefore, this study further explores the moderating effect of risk from the perspective of the low- and high-perceived risk travellers, before identifying the attitude-behaviour gaps of these two groups. The study provides theoretical insights into low-carbon tourism experience at the island destinations and offers useful managerial implications on low-carbon destination development.